The aim of this article is to present the context of vulnerability to health at the borders. The concept of vulnerability has multidimensional character and integrates individual and collective dimensions. Consider the geographical context, not only as a natural environment to facilitate or the transmission of diseases, but as a social environment. We used the method for the analysis of the geographical context post from the collection and analysis of secondary data on the socio-economic context of Brazil - French Guiana border based on the notion of vulnerability. Data were used from malaria obtained in sivep - for the characterization of the endemic malaria in the period 2003 to 2013. Aspects relating to health services and monitoring and control of malaria were obtained from interviews and field work. The results show that the vulnerability to malaria in the context of the border Brazil - French Guiana is related with the high population mobility that characterizes this region and the difficulties of health surveillance, as well as the barriers to patient care, border, pointing to the need for cross-border cooperation in health and information sharing for the decrease of vulnerability in the border
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